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C-Series: Membrane-Based Arrays
Semi-Quantitative, Sandwich-Based, Membrane Antibody Arrays |
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The RayBio® Membrane-Based Antibody Arrays (C-Series) are tools for screening and comparing expression levels of many cytokines, growth factors, proteases, soluble receptors, and other proteins in a wide variety of sample types. The C-Series Arrays utilize the sandwich immunoassay principle, wherein a panel of capture antibodies is printed on a nitrocellulose membrane solid support (usualy 2.5 cm x 3 cm). The array membranes are processed similarly to a Western blot (chemiluminescent readout). Signals are then visualized on x-ray film or a digital image, allowing densitometry data collection and calculation of fold-changes for each detected protein. The entire procedure can be completed in 1 day, and is simple enough to permit even the novice researcher to successfully collect data with very few pitfalls and little or no optimization. |
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Many biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response and migration often accompany changes of cytokine expression levels. Because of the extensive cross-talk between cytokines, a complete analysis of biological responses and functions must be obtained through multiplex assays. The C-Series Antibody Arrays allow a much broader view of protein activity than can be obtained with single-target ELISAs and Western blots. Moreover, antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling. A variety of C-Series array kits are available in-stock, detecting anywhere from 10 to 274 proteins simultaneously. For a comparison & overview of all our antibody array systems, click here. |
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Features |
Contents of Kit |
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How It Works
Back to topResearch Applications
- High-throughput profiling of cytokine expression
- Identifying potential molecular targets for drug development
- Identifying the molecular mechanisms of drug action
- Identifying crucial factors involved in disease processes
- Discovering biomarkers for disease management
- Discovering expression patterns for molecular classification of diseases
Technical Notes
Comparison to ELISA
- More Data, Less Sample: Antibody arrays provide high-content screening using about the same sample volume as for ELISA.
- Global View of Cytokine Expression: Antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling.
- Greater Sensitivity: As little as 4 pg/ml of MCP-1 can be detected using the G-Series array format. In contrast, our similar MCP-1 ELISA assay has a sensitivity of 40 pg/ml of MCP-1.
- Increased Range of Detection: ELISA assays typically detect a concentration range of 100- to 1000-fold, however, RayBiotech arrays can detect IL-2 at concentrations of 25 to 250,000 pg/ml, a range of 10,000-fold.
- Better Precision: As determined by densitometry, the inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities is 5-10%, comparing favorably with ELISA testing (CV = 10-15%).
Features
- High Sensitivity– can detect as low as 1 pg/ml for some proteins.
- Positive control spots to orientate each membrane, monitor the detection steps, and normalize the results.
- High Reproducibility – inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities as low as 5% when run under optimal conditions.
- High Specificity–a recombinant protein for each corresponding antibody spot is tested to ensure that only one particular spot is visible after hybridization.
- High Quality– many antibody pairs are tested for each detectable protein target but only the pairs which show the strongest affinity and sensitivity are selected for the array.
- Wide Dynamic Range– A detectable range as high as 4 orders of magnitude (104) for some proteins.
- Proven Technology – there are hundreds of publications using C-Series antibody arrays.
- Robust Data Output– each antibody is printed in duplicate providing multiple data points for each detected protein target.
- Small Membrane Size– Average membrane dimensions only 2.5 X 3.0 cm
- Duplicate Spots - the antibodies printed on the C-Series arrays are spotted in duplicate, decreasing the number of samples needed to run, saving precious sample volume while still allowing for robust data output.
- Negative Control and Blank spots - to assess baseline and background responses.
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