Glycosylation is one of the most universal but at the same time complex protein modifications. Modification with sugar moeties can be both co- translational and post- translational, occurring in the endoplasmatic reticulum and golgi. Three different forms of glycosylation can be distinguished: N-linked oligosaccharides, O-linked oligosaccharides and glycosyl- phosphatidylinositol (GPI-) anchors. Glycosylation results in thousands of distinct, bioactive glycoproteins resident throughout the cell that strongly determine protein-protein, carbohydrate-protein, membrane, and adhesion properties. Diseases associated with glycosylation defects include Congenital disorders of glycosylation, (CDG), also known as carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndromes, and diseases associated with advanced aging.

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