Glucagon is a 29-amino acid peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas. Its function is to raise blood glucose levels to opposing the effect of insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels.

Glucagon is synthesized and secreted from alpha cells of the endocrine portion of the pancreas. In rodents, the alpha cells are located in the outer rim of the islet. However, alpha cells in human pancreas are distributed throughout the islet.

Glucagon and insulin are part of a feedback system that keeps blood glucose levels at a stable level. The pancreas releases glucagon when glucose levels fall too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream. Glucagon raises blood glucose levels. High blood glucose levels stimulate the release of insulin. Insulin allows glucose to be taken up and used by insulin-dependent tissues.

Glucagon has important clinical applications. Abnormally-elevated levels of glucagon may be caused by pancreatic tumors, such as glucagonoma, with symptoms including necrolytic migratory erythema, reduced amino acids, and hyperglycemia. It may occur alone or in the context of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MENI).

Standard, Biotinylated Glucagon peptide, and Positive Control should be stored at -20°C after arrival. Avoid multiple freeze-thaws. The remaining kit components may be stored at 4°C. Opened Microplate Wells and antibody (Item N) may be stored for up to 1 month at 2° to 8°C. Return unused wells to the pouch containing desiccant pack and reseal along entire edge.