EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of a family of protein tyrosine kinases crucial in maintaining a normal balance in cell growth and development. A prototype member of the type 1 receptor tyrosine kinases, EGFR is encoded by the cellular oncogene cerbB1. EGFR has an extracellular ligand binding domain, a single transmembrane region, and cytoplasmic domain which is composed of a tyrosine kinase domain and a carboxy terminal domain. The carboxy terminal domain contains at least four tyrosine autophosphorylation sites. Increased production or activation of EGFR has been associated with poor prognosis in a variety of tumors. EGFR overexpression is observed in tumors of the head and neck, brain, bladder, stomach, breast, lung, endometrium, cervix, vulva, ovary, esophagus, stomach and in squamous cell carcinoma.

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