MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) are serine-threonine kinases that regulate a wide variety of cellular functions. Six groups of MAPK have so far been identified: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1, ERK2), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 isoforms (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13, MAPK14), ERK5 (MAPK7), ERK3 (MAPK6), ERK4 (MAPK4) and ERK7/8 (MAPK15). ERK 1 and ERK 2 transduce signals from growth factors and are key factors in regulating differentiation and proliferation in many cell types. Upon activation by MEK, ERK1 and 2 translocate to the nucleus where they phosphorylate transcription factors such as Elk1 and downstream kinases such as p90 RSK. JNK 1, 2 and 3 (sometimes known as SAPKs or stress-activated kinases) and the p38 MAPKs (alpha-, beta-, delta and gamma- isoforms) are activated by UV irradiation, inflammatory cytokines and hyperosmolarity. The p38 MAPKs are also activated by lipopolysaccharide. Dysregulation of MAPK kinase pathways has been associated with various diseases including cancer (ERK), neurodegeneration (JNK) and inflammation (p38).

Store at 4°C if intended for use within one month, otherwise, store at -20°C to -80°C. The lyophilized antibody is stable for at least 18 months after the date of receipt when stored at -20°C to -80°C. After reconstitution, it can be aliquoted and stored frozen at -20°C to -80°C in a manual defrost freezer for at least 6 months without detectable loss of activity. Upon reconstitution, the antibody can also be stored for 1 month at 4°C. Please avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles, as this will lower the activity of the antibody.

12 months from the date of shipment when stored properly.