The androgen receptor is a nuclear receptor protein that functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, regulating genes involved in male sexual development, muscle growth, and metabolism. It is predominantly expressed in androgen-sensitive tissues such as the prostate, testes, seminal vesicles, and skeletal muscle, but is also found in the liver and certain brain regions. Upon binding to androgens like testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, the androgen receptor translocates to the nucleus and influences gene expression. Dysregulation of androgen receptor signaling is linked to conditions such as prostate cancer, androgen insensitivity syndromes, and certain neuromuscular diseases.

Reference: https://www.nature.com/articles/aps201418