Quantum dots (QDs) are fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals that have unique optical and electronic properties including size tunable emission wavelength, superior brightness, high resistance to photobleaching, and simultaneous excitation of multiple colors from a single light source. These properties make QDs a unique class of light-emitting nanoparticles with promising potential in optoelectronics, biotechnology and medicine. RayBiotech's carboxyl-terminated quantum dots, ranging from 450-645 nm, are now available in an easy-to-use kit format, allowing researchers to conjugate proteins & ligands of their own choice. The kit contains 1 mL QD (8CL-560), reagents & components sufficient for performing four (4) conjugation reactions on quantum dots. Briefly, the QDs are activated using carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide followed by conjugation to amino groups that are present on the target protein/ligand such as bovine serum albumin, streptavidin and immunoglobulin.