Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement system. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. There are two types of light chains designated as kappa and lambda (1). Light chain types are based on differences in the amino acid sequence in the constant region of the light chain. If a cell is unsuccessful in rearranging both of its kappa light chain genes, it then attempts to make a lambda light chain. If a cell successfully rearranges a lambda light chain gene, it will be a B cell that makes an immunoglobulin with a lambda light chain (2).

HUMAN

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