Simoa^® - Single Molecule Array Services

Q: What does Simoa stand for?

Simoa stands for Single Molecule Array. The Simoa assay is an ultrasensitive digital immunoassay technology that can detect and quantify fluid biomarkers at extremely low levels.

Q: How much more sensitive is Simoa than a standard ELISA?

Simoa detects proteins at femtogram-per-mL (fg/mL) levels, orders of magnitude below a conventional sandwich ELISA. Our most sensitive assay, p-Tau 217 (ALZPath), has an LLOD of 0.0008 pg/mL. That sensitivity lets you measure biomarkers such as NfL, GFAP and p-Tau in blood, where they circulate at very low concentrations.

Q: What sample types can I send for Simoa testing?

Published projects from our Simoa lab include human plasma, mouse serum, mouse plasma and mouse tumor tissue. Not every assay is validated for every sample type, so tell us yours when you request a quote and we’ll confirm it fits before you ship. Ask us about other sample types, such as CSF or cell culture supernatant.

Q: How much sample do I need?

As little as a few microliters per test. The exact volume depends on the assay, the dilution your sample type needs and how many replicates you want, so we’ll confirm it in your quote.

Q: Can I measure more than one analyte in the same sample?

Yes. Simoa multiplexing measures up to 4 analytes per test with no additional sample. Our human panels: Cytokine 4-Plex A, B and C Neurology 2-Plex B: NfL, GFAP Neurology 4-Plex D: GFAP, NfL, BD-Tau, UCH-L1 Neurology 4-Plex E: Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, NfL See each panel’s targets and detection limits in the Multiplex Panels tab

Q: Which species can you test?

We run 50 human, 6 mouse and 2 rat singleplex assays, plus 6 human multiplex panels. Mouse assays cover GFAP, IL-1 beta, IL-10, IL-23, NfL and osteoactivin. Rat assays cover IL-1 beta and NfL.

Q: What if my target isn’t on the list?

We can convert one of our validated ELISA antibody pairs to the Simoa format. Conversion adds 4-6 weeks of lead time. Browse our ELISA target list

Q: What’s the difference between LLOD and LLOQ?

LLOD (lower limit of detection) is the lowest concentration an assay can distinguish from a blank. LLOQ (lower limit of quantification) is the lowest concentration it can measure with acceptable precision and accuracy. Plan your study around the LLOQ: samples below it can be detected but not reliably quantified.

Q: Has RayBiotech’s Simoa service been used in published research?

Yes. Researchers have published Simoa data from our lab in the Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease, the Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer and NAR Molecular Medicine. Browse all Simoa citations

When ultrasensitivity is critical to your experiment’s success, RayBiotech’s experienced service team can use the Simoa^® (single molecule array) protein detection platform to help you find that needle in a haystack.

With our Simoa assay service, we can achieve orders of magnitude more sensitivity than standard sandwich-based immunoassay techniques, detecting as little as femtogram (fg/mL) concentrations, while consuming as little as a few microliters of sample. This ultrasensitive detection capability enables the detection and quantification of biomarkers at concentrations that have previously been difficult or impossible to measure.

Request a Quote Browse Targets

Why You Should Choose RayBiotech for Simoa Services

For Our Multiplexing Capability

If you need multi-analyte detection, RayBiotech can multiplex up to 4 analytes per test, without requiring any additional sample. In addition to our popular neurological panel (Aβ40, Aβ42, GFAP, NfL), we also provide panel customization to your specifications.

For Our Extensive Catalog of Validated Antibody Pairs

If you don’t see your target in the list of assays below, we can convert any of our validated ELISA antibody pairs into the ultrasensitive Simoa assay format. Browse our ELISA target list. If you prefer to run your own assay, browse our antibody pairs, including a complete list of ready-to-use Simoa antibody pair kits.

For Our Years of Experience

Founded in 2001 as the first company to commercialize the antibody array, we continue to use our decades of experience in multiplex, high-throughput protein analysis to deliver outstanding protein detection and analysis services to the research community.

Data From Our Simoa Lab, Published

See how researchers used our Simoa service, from Alzheimer’s patient plasma to mouse tumor tissue.

Browse all Simoa citations

FEATURED STUDY · ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Tracking NfL and GFAP in Alzheimer’s patients treated with lecanemab

Two 2026 real-world studies followed Japanese Alzheimer’s disease patients receiving lecanemab, examining ATNIVS biomarker heterogeneity and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). RayBiotech measured plasma NfL and GFAP from the study biobank on the Simoa HD-X using the Neurology 2-Plex B assay.

“...Simoa HD-X platform and the Neurology 2-Plex B multiplex assay ... at Raybiotech, Inc.”

From the methods section, J Prev Alzheimers Dis, 2026

Two papers from this cohort:

ATNIVS biomarker heterogeneity in real-world patients receiving lecanemab

HPV16 E6 and E7 expressing cancer cells suppress the antitumor immune response by upregulating KLF2-mediated IL-23 expression in macrophages

Product: Mouse IL-23 (Simoa Service)

Species: Mouse

Sample type: Tissue Lysate / Homogenate (tumor tissue B16 HPV+ and HPV− mouse tumors)

View Publication

CAG-targeting artificial miRNA with reduced off-target risk for efficient lowering of pathogenic polyglutamine proteins

Product: Mouse NF-L Ultrasensitive Antibody Pair

Species: Mouse

Sample type: Serum (28 weeks post-injection, treated and control mice)

View Publication

Targeting senescence in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: senolytic treatment improves neuromuscular function and preserves cortical excitability in a TDP-43Q331K mouse model

Product: Mouse NfL (Simoa Service)

Species: Mouse

Sample type: Plasma (TDP-43Q331K and control mice)

View Publication

How Simoa Works

Simoa is an ultrasensitive ELISA that uses antibody-coated beads, a fluorescently conjugated detection antibody, and digital readout. After the beads, sample, and detection antibody have been mixed together, the solution is applied to a cartridge with over 235,000 microwells. Each microwell can hold only one bead. Oil is then added to the cartridge, which pushes the sample across the surface of the microwell array and forms a liquid-tight seal of the wells.

The fluorescence of each well is measured using a fully or semi-automated system equipped with a fluorescent microscope. The instrument is manufactured by the developer of Simoa(Quanterix; Billerica, MA; USA). Quantitation of target protein concentration is based on the number of microwells with fluorescent signal and not the intensity of the fluorescent signal, making the readout a "digital" one. Since each well can contain only one bead, the number of microwells with fluorescence is proportional to the amount of target protein in the sample. This approach enables quantitative, ultrasensitive single molecule detection.

Available Assays

Check out our list of available analytes. Multiplexing is also available for up to 4 analytes.

Custom Targets

Don’t see the target you’re looking for? We have a library of thousands of ELISA antibodies which can be converted to the ultrasensitive Simoa assay format. Browse our target list here. Then fill out our Request a Quote form with the target you’re interested in and we will contact you with a quote. Please note: the conversion requires an additional 4-6 week lead time.

See What Simoa Sensitivity Can Do For Your Research

To get started, fill out our Request a Quote form with the targets you’re interested in. We’ll get back to you as soon as possible.

Request a Quote

Frequently Asked Questions

Still have questions?

What does Simoa stand for?

How much more sensitive is Simoa than a standard ELISA?

What sample types can I send for Simoa testing?

How much sample do I need?

Can I measure more than one analyte in the same sample?

Which species can you test?

What if my target isn’t on the list?

What’s the difference between LLOD and LLOQ?

Has RayBiotech’s Simoa service been used in published research?

How do I ship my samples?

Start by preparing your sample(s) - Tips on Sample Preparation. Then, place each sample into a labeled vial. Freeze the sample right after collection, if possible. You can use a quick-freeze procedure. Include a printed copy of the sample service form with your shipment and indicate the quote number or what type of service you’ve requested (C-Series, Quantibody, ELISA, etc.) on the shipping label. Samples must be free of infections, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, or other communicable viruses, etc.

View more detailed instructions here.

How do I request a quote?

Related Services

ELISA Services

Maximize operational efficiency while receiving data you can depend on when you trust your ELISA service needs to the experienced scientists at RayBiotech.

Array Services

From custom protein or peptide array printing to complete quantitative and/or discovery studies, we can help you advance your multiplex protein analysis projects efficiently and with confidence.

Biostatistics and Bioinformatics

Whether you’re short on analytical resources or expertise, our experienced team can support your studies with a wide range of biostatistics and bioinformatics services.

Target	LLOD	LLOQ	ELISA Kit
Alpha-syn (Total)	2.47 pg/ml	8.7 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
B7-H1 (CD274 / PD-L1)	0.055 pg/ml	0.617 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
BDNF	0.0042 pg/ml	0.0293 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
C-Peptide (Proinsulin)	0.013 pg/ml	0.021 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
FCRL5 (FcRH5)	0.00651 pg/ml	0.0409 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
GFAP	0.138 pg/ml	0.635 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
GM-CSF (CSF2)	0.0019 pg/ml	0.0103 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
HIV p24	0.0027 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IFN-alpha (IFNA1)	0.003 pg/ml	0.016 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IFN-alpha Multi Subtype	0.002 pg/ml	0.018 pg/ml
IFN-gamma (IFNG)	0.015 pg/ml	0.098 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B)	0.002 pg/ml	0.008 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B) 3.0	0.002 pg/ml	0.016 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-10 (IL10)	0.015 pg/ml	0.048 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-11 (IL11)	0.015 pg/ml	0.048 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-12 p70 (IL12A)	0.003 pg/ml	0.011 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-15 (IL15)	0.003 pg/ml	0.0062 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-17 (IL17A)	0.00144 pg/ml	0.00625 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-17A (IL17A)	0.002 pg/ml	0.012 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-22 (IL22)	0.008 pg/ml	0.061 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-23 (IL23A/B)	0.00456 pg/ml	0.0105 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-28A (IFN lambda 2 / IL28A)	0.0108 pg/ml	0.056 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-31 (IL31)	0.00153 pg/ml	0.00811 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-4 (IL4)	0.0046 pg/ml	0.039 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-5 (IL5)	0.002 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-6 (IL6)	0.01 pg/ml	0.028 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-7 (IL7)	0.009 pg/ml	0.103 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IP-10 (CXCL10)	0.052 pg/ml	0.177 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Kallikrein 6 (KLK6)	0.812 pg/ml	1.1 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
MAPT (Tau)	0.019 pg/ml	0.061 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
NfL (NEFL)	0.062 pg/ml	1.24 pg/ml
PKC gamma (PRKCG)	0.201 pg/ml	0.828 pg/ml
PLGF (PGF PGFL PLGF)	0.064 pg/ml	0.3 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
PSD95	0.173 pg/ml	0.823 pg/ml
SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen	0.099 pg/ml	0.313 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen	0.0187 pg/ml	0.0798 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG	15 pg/ml	8200 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SNAP-25	1.47 pg/ml	2.56 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
sTREM-2 (TREM2)	0.9 pg/ml	66 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau:Brain Derived (BD-Tau)	0.044 pg/ml	0.133 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 181	0.724 pg/ml	7.27 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 205	0.047 pg/ml	0.225 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 217	0.001 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 217 ALZPath	0.0008 pg/ml	0.00326 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 231	0.232 pg/ml	1.23 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TDP-43 (TARDBP)	2.48 pg/ml	8.23 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TGF beta	0.137 pg/ml	0.514 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TNF alpha (TNFA)	0.016 pg/ml	0.034 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
VEGI (TL1A / TNFSF15)	3.22 pg/ml	18.5 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
YKL-40 (CHI3L1)	0.349 pg/ml	1.46 pg/ml	ELISA Kit

Target	LLOD	LLOQ	ELISA Kit
Alpha-syn (Total)	2.47 pg/ml	8.7 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
B7-H1 (CD274 / PD-L1)	0.055 pg/ml	0.617 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
BDNF	0.0042 pg/ml	0.0293 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
C-Peptide (Proinsulin)	0.013 pg/ml	0.021 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
FCRL5 (FcRH5)	0.00651 pg/ml	0.0409 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
GFAP	0.138 pg/ml	0.635 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
GM-CSF (CSF2)	0.0019 pg/ml	0.0103 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
HIV p24	0.0027 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IFN-alpha (IFNA1)	0.003 pg/ml	0.016 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IFN-alpha Multi Subtype	0.002 pg/ml	0.018 pg/ml
IFN-gamma (IFNG)	0.015 pg/ml	0.098 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B)	0.002 pg/ml	0.008 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B) 3.0	0.002 pg/ml	0.016 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-10 (IL10)	0.015 pg/ml	0.048 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-11 (IL11)	0.015 pg/ml	0.048 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-12 p70 (IL12A)	0.003 pg/ml	0.011 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-15 (IL15)	0.003 pg/ml	0.0062 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-17 (IL17A)	0.00144 pg/ml	0.00625 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-17A (IL17A)	0.002 pg/ml	0.012 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-22 (IL22)	0.008 pg/ml	0.061 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-23 (IL23A/B)	0.00456 pg/ml	0.0105 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-28A (IFN lambda 2 / IL28A)	0.0108 pg/ml	0.056 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-31 (IL31)	0.00153 pg/ml	0.00811 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-4 (IL4)	0.0046 pg/ml	0.039 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-5 (IL5)	0.002 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-6 (IL6)	0.01 pg/ml	0.028 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-7 (IL7)	0.009 pg/ml	0.103 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IP-10 (CXCL10)	0.052 pg/ml	0.177 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Kallikrein 6 (KLK6)	0.812 pg/ml	1.1 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
MAPT (Tau)	0.019 pg/ml	0.061 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
NfL (NEFL)	0.062 pg/ml	1.24 pg/ml
PKC gamma (PRKCG)	0.201 pg/ml	0.828 pg/ml
PLGF (PGF PGFL PLGF)	0.064 pg/ml	0.3 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
PSD95	0.173 pg/ml	0.823 pg/ml
SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen	0.099 pg/ml	0.313 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SARS-CoV-2 N Protein Antigen	0.0187 pg/ml	0.0798 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG	15 pg/ml	8200 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
SNAP-25	1.47 pg/ml	2.56 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
sTREM-2 (TREM2)	0.9 pg/ml	66 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau:Brain Derived (BD-Tau)	0.044 pg/ml	0.133 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 181	0.724 pg/ml	7.27 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 205	0.047 pg/ml	0.225 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 217	0.001 pg/ml	0.01 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 217 ALZPath	0.0008 pg/ml	0.00326 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
Tau: p-Tau 231	0.232 pg/ml	1.23 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TDP-43 (TARDBP)	2.48 pg/ml	8.23 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TGF beta	0.137 pg/ml	0.514 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
TNF alpha (TNFA)	0.016 pg/ml	0.034 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
VEGI (TL1A / TNFSF15)	3.22 pg/ml	18.5 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
YKL-40 (CHI3L1)	0.349 pg/ml	1.46 pg/ml	ELISA Kit

Target	LLOD	LLOQ	ELISA Kit
GFAP	0.488 pg/ml	1.83 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B)	0.73 pg/ml	2.56 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-10 (IL10)	0.018 pg/ml	0.076 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
IL-23 (IL23A/B) Published	4.51 pg/ml	14.6 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
NfL (NEFL) Published	0.085 pg/ml	0.539 pg/ml
Osteoactivin (GPNMB)	2.85 pg/ml	12.4 pg/ml	ELISA Kit

Target	LLOD	LLOQ	ELISA Kit
IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B)	0.518 pg/ml	2.26 pg/ml	ELISA Kit
NfL (NEFL)	0.085 pg/ml	0.539 pg/ml

Assay	Target	LLOD	LLOQ
Cytokine 4-Plex A(C4PA)	IL-1 beta (IL-1F2 / IL1B)	0.002 pg/mL	0.01 pg/mL
	IL-6 (IL6)	0.008 pg/mL	0.028 pg/mL
	IL-10 (IL10)	0.033 pg/mL	0.143 pg/mL
	TNF alpha (TNFA)	0.061 pg/mL	0.481 pg/mL
Cytokine 4-Plex B(C4PB)	IL-4 (IL4)	0.003 pg/mL	0.01 pg/mL
	IL-5 (IL5)	0.004 pg/mL	0.01 pg/mL
	IL-13 (IL13)	0.004 pg/mL	0.034 pg/mL
	IL-17A (IL17A)	0.002 pg/mL	0.008 pg/mL
Cytokine 4-Plex C(C4PC)	IL-2 (IL2)	0.005 pg/mL	0.019 pg/mL
	IL-6 (IL6)	0.008 pg/mL	0.031 pg/mL
	IL-8 (IL8 / CXCL8)	0.014 pg/mL	0.07 pg/mL
	IFN-gamma (IFNG)	0.012 pg/mL	0.075 pg/mL
Neurology 2-Plex B(N2PB) Published	NfL (NEFL)	0.08 pg/mL	0.402 pg/mL
Neurology 2-Plex B(N2PB) Published	GFAP	0.111 pg/mL	0.635 pg/mL
Neurology 4-Plex E(N4PE)	beta Amyloid 40 (Aβ40)	0.133 pg/mL	0.353 pg/mL
	beta Amyloid 42 (Aβ42)	0.13 pg/mL	0.239 pg/mL
	GFAP	0.139 pg/mL	0.402 pg/mL
	NfL (NEFL)	0.072 pg/mL	0.635 pg/mL
Neurology 4-Plex D(N4PD)	GFAP	0.121 pg/mL	0.805 pg/mL
	NfL (NEFL)	0.094 pg/mL	0.36 pg/mL
	BD-Tau	0.029 pg/mL	0.259 pg/mL
	UCH-L1	0.577 pg/mL	3.48 pg/mL

Sample	Human plasma
Assay	Neurology 2-Plex B (N2PB)
Analytes	NfL, GFAP
Cohort	Real-world lecanemab patients

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