C-Series: Membrane-Based Antibody Arrays

Semi-Quantitative, Sandwich-Based, Membrane Antibody Arrays

The RayBio^® Membrane-Based Antibody Arrays (C-Series) are tools for screening and comparing expression levels of many cytokines, growth factors, proteases, soluble receptors, and other proteins in a wide variety of sample types.

The C-Series Arrays utilize the sandwich immunoassay principle, wherein a panel of capture antibodies is printed on a nitrocellulose membrane solid support (usualy 2.5 cm x 3 cm). The array membranes are processed similarly to a Western blot (chemiluminescent readout). Signals are then visualized on x-ray film or a digital image, allowing densitometry data collection and calculation of fold-changes for each detected protein. The entire procedure can be completed in 1 day, and is simple enough to permit even the novice researcher to successfully collect data with very few pitfalls and little or no optimization.

Many biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response and migration often accompany changes of cytokine expression levels. Because of the extensive cross-talk between cytokines, a complete analysis of biological responses and functions must be obtained through multiplex assays. The C-Series Antibody Arrays allow a much broader view of protein activity than can be obtained with single-target ELISAs and Western blots. Moreover, antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling.

A variety of C-Series array kits are available in-stock, detecting anywhere from 10 to 274 proteins simultaneously.

For a comparison & overview of all our antibody array systems, click here.

Compare C-Series Protein Lists Customize Your Array Browse C-Series Arrays

Features

Simultaneous detection of multiple proteins
High specificity (sandwich antibody pair used)
High sensitivity (pg/ml levels)
No dedicated equipment required; compatible with any chemiluminescent imaging system
Easy to use, no training required
Results can be obtained in 1 day

Contents of Kit

RayBio^® Antibody Array Membranes
Biotinylated Detection Antibody Cocktail
Blocking Buffer
Wash Buffers 1 and 2
Cell & Tissue Lysis Buffer
Detection Buffers C and D
Plastic Incubation Tray
Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (in select kits)
Manual

How It Works

Research Applications

High-throughput profiling of cytokine expression
Identifying potential molecular targets for drug development
Identifying the molecular mechanisms of drug action
Identifying crucial factors involved in disease processes
Discovering biomarkers for disease management
Discovering expression patterns for molecular classification of diseases

Technical Notes

Comparison to ELISA

More Data, Less Sample: Antibody arrays provide high-content screening using about the same sample volume as for ELISA.
Global View of Cytokine Expression: Antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling.
Greater Sensitivity: As little as 4 pg/ml of MCP-1 can be detected using the C-Series array format. In contrast, our similar MCP-1 ELISA assay has a sensitivity of 40 pg/ml of MCP-1.
Increased Range of Detection: ELISA assays typically detect a concentration range of 100- to 1000-fold, however, RayBiotech arrays can detect IL-2 at concentrations of 25 to 250,000 pg/ml, a range of 10,000-fold.
Better Precision: As determined by densitometry, the inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities is 5-10%, comparing favorably with ELISA testing (CV = 10-15%).

Features

High Sensitivity: Can detect as low as 1 pg/ml for some proteins.
Positive control spots: To orientate each membrane, monitor the detection steps, and normalize the results.
High Reproducibility: Inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities as low as 5% when run under optimal conditions.
High Specificity: A recombinant protein for each corresponding antibody spot is tested to ensure that only one particular spot is visible after hybridization.
High Quality: Many antibody pairs are tested for each detectable protein target but only the pairs which show the strongest affinity and sensitivity are selected for the array.
Wide Dynamic Range: A detectable range as high as 4 orders of magnitude (10⁴) for some proteins.
Proven Technology: There are hundreds of publications using C-Series antibody arrays.
Robust Data Output: Each antibody is printed in duplicate providing multiple data points for each detected protein target.
Small Membrane Size: Average membrane dimensions only 2.5 X 3.0 cm
Duplicate Spots: The antibodies printed on the C-Series arrays are spotted in duplicate, decreasing the number of samples needed to run, saving precious sample volume while still allowing for robust data output.
Negative Control and Blank spots: To assess baseline and background responses.

Sample Images

IL-6 Membrane Image

References

Kashiwagi M., Hosoi J., Lai J., et al. Direct control of regulatory T cells by keratinocytes. Nat Immunol. 2017 Mar;18(3):334-343. doi: 10.1038/ni.3661. [view publication]
Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C4
Ibrahim S., Gadalla R., El-Ghonaimy E., et al. Syndecan-1 is a novel molecular marker for triple negative inflammatory breast cancer and modulates the cancer stem cell phenotype via the IL-6/STAT3, Notch and EGFR signaling pathways. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 7;16(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12943-017-0621-z. [view publication]
Product: Human Cytokine Array C3
Dou Z., Ghosh K., Vizioli M., et al. Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer. Nature. 2017 October 19; 550(7676): 402–406. doi:10.1038/nature24050. [view publication]
Product: Human Cytokine Array C1
Himburg H., Doan P., Quarmyne M., et al. Dickkopf-1 promotes hematopoietic regeneration via direct and niche-mediated mechanisms. Nat Med. 2017 Jan;23(1):91-99. doi: 10.1038/nm.4251. [view publication]
Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C2000
Poling, Holly M., et al. "Mechanically induced development and maturation of human intestinal organoids in vivo." Nature biomedical engineering 2.6 (2018): 429-442. [view publication]
Product: Human/Mouse MAPK Phosphorylation Array | Human TGF beta Pathway Phosphorylation Array C1
Pinto, B., Morelli, G., Rastogi, M., Savardi, A., Fumagalli, A., Petretto, A., … Cancedda, L. (2020). Rescuing Over-activated Microglia Restores Cognitive Performance in Juvenile Animals of the Dp(16) Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Neuron. [view publication]
Product: Mouse Inflammation Array C1
Takahashi, R., Ijichi, H., Sano, M. et al. Soluble VCAM-1 promotes gemcitabine resistance via macrophage infiltration and predicts therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 10, 21194 (2020). [view publication]
Product: Custom C-Series Mouse Array
Ma C, Witkowski MT, Harris J, Dolgalev I, Sreeram S, Qian W, Tong J, Chen X, Aifantis I, Chen W. Leukemia-on-a-chip: Dissecting the chemoresistance mechanisms in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow niche. Sci Adv. 2020 Oct 30;6(44):eaba5536. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5536. PMID: 33127669; PMCID: PMC7608809. [view publication]
Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C1 | Mouse Cytokine Array C3
Zheng Y., Ji S., Wu H., et al. Topical administration of cryopreserved living micronized amnion accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice by modulating local microenvironment. Biomaterials. 2017 Jan;113:56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.031. [view publication]
Product: Human Inflammation Array C3 | Human Chemokine Array C1
Rong Deng , Hai-Liang Zhang , Jun-Hao Huang , Rui-Zhao Cai , Yan Wang , Yu-Hong Chen , Bing-Xin Hu , Zhi-Peng Ye , Zhi-Ling Li , Jia Mai , Yun Huang , Xuan Li , XiaoDan Peng , Gong-Kan Feng , Jun-Dong Li , Jun Tang & Xiao-Feng Zhu (2020): MAPK1/3 kinasedependent ULK1 degradation attenuates mitophagy and promotes breast cancer bone metastasis, Autophagy, DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1850609 [view publication]
Product: Human Inflammation Array C3