Membrane Antibody Arrays: C-Series

Semi-Quantitative, Sandwich-Based, Membrane Antibody Arrays

The RayBiotech Membrane Antibody Arrays (C-Series™) are tools for screening and comparing expression levels of many cytokines, growth factors, proteases, soluble receptors, and other proteins in a wide variety of sample types.

Many biological processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune response and migration often accompany changes of cytokine expression levels. Because of the extensive cross-talk between cytokines, a complete analysis of biological responses and functions must be obtained through multiplex assays. The C-Series membrane arrays allow a much broader view of protein activity than can be obtained with single-target ELISAs and Western blots. Moreover, antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling.

A variety of C-Series membrane array kits are available in-stock, detecting anywhere from 10 to 274 proteins simultaneously. For higher-density screening membrane arrays, check out our L-Series: label-based antibody arrays.

How It Works

Handling The Membranes

Research Applications

• High-throughput profiling of cytokine expression
• Identifying potential molecular targets for drug development
• Identifying the molecular mechanisms of drug action
• Identifying crucial factors involved in disease processes
• Discovering biomarkers for disease management
• Discovering expression patterns for molecular classification of diseases

Technical Notes

Comparison to ELISA

• More Data, Less Sample: Antibody arrays provide high-content screening using about the same sample volume as for ELISA.
• Global View of Cytokine Expression: Antibody array screening improves the chances for discovering key factors, disease mechanisms or biomarkers related to cytokine signaling.
• Greater Sensitivity: As little as 4 pg/ml of MCP-1 can be detected using the C-Series array format. In contrast, our similar MCP-1 ELISA assay has a sensitivity of 40 pg/ml of MCP-1.
• Increased Range of Detection: ELISA assays typically detect a concentration range of 100- to 1000-fold, however, RayBiotech arrays can detect IL-2 at concentrations of 25 to 250,000 pg/ml, a range of 10,000-fold.
• Better Precision: As determined by densitometry, the inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities is 5-10%, comparing favorably with ELISA testing (CV = 10-15%).

Features

• High Sensitivity: Can detect as low as 1 pg/ml for some proteins.
• Positive control spots: To orientate each membrane, monitor the detection steps, and normalize the results.
• High Reproducibility: Inter-array Coefficient of Variation (CV) of spot signal intensities as low as 5% when run under optimal conditions.
• High Specificity: A recombinant protein for each corresponding antibody spot is tested to ensure that only one particular spot is visible after hybridization.
• High Quality: Many antibody pairs are tested for each detectable protein target but only the pairs which show the strongest affinity and sensitivity are selected for the array.
• Wide Dynamic Range: A detectable range as high as 4 orders of magnitude (10⁴) for some proteins.
• Proven Technology: There are hundreds of publications using C-Series antibody arrays.
• Robust Data Output: Each antibody is printed in duplicate providing multiple data points for each detected protein target.
• Small Membrane Size: Average membrane dimensions only 2.5 X 3.0 cm
• Duplicate Spots: The antibodies printed on the C-Series arrays are spotted in duplicate, decreasing the number of samples needed to run, saving precious sample volume while still allowing for robust data output.
• Negative Control and Blank spots: To assess baseline and background responses.

References

• Kashiwagi M., Hosoi J., Lai J., et al. Direct control of regulatory T cells by keratinocytes. Nat Immunol. 2017 Mar;18(3):334-343. doi: 10.1038/ni.3661. [view publication]
  Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C4
• Ibrahim S., Gadalla R., El-Ghonaimy E., et al. Syndecan-1 is a novel molecular marker for triple negative inflammatory breast cancer and modulates the cancer stem cell phenotype via the IL-6/STAT3, Notch and EGFR signaling pathways. Mol Cancer. 2017 Mar 7;16(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12943-017-0621-z. [view publication]
  Product: Human Cytokine Array C3
• Dou Z., Ghosh K., Vizioli M., et al. Cytoplasmic chromatin triggers inflammation in senescence and cancer. Nature. 2017 October 19; 550(7676): 402-406. doi:10.1038/nature24050. [view publication]
  Product: Human Cytokine Array C1
• Himburg H., Doan P., Quarmyne M., et al. Dickkopf-1 promotes hematopoietic regeneration via direct and niche-mediated mechanisms. Nat Med. 2017 Jan;23(1):91-99. doi: 10.1038/nm.4251. [view publication]
  Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C2000
• Poling, Holly M., et al. "Mechanically induced development and maturation of human intestinal organoids in vivo. "Nature biomedical engineering 2.6 (2018): 429-442. [view publication]
  Product: Human/Mouse MAPK Phosphorylation Array | Human TGF beta Pathway Phosphorylation Array C1
• Pinto, B., Morelli, G., Rastogi, M., Savardi, A., Fumagalli, A., Petretto, A., … Cancedda, L. (2020). Rescuing Over-activated Microglia Restores Cognitive Performance in Juvenile Animals of the Dp(16) Mouse Model of Down Syndrome. Neuron. [view publication]
  Product: Mouse Inflammation Array C1
• Takahashi, R., Ijichi, H., Sano, M. et al. Soluble VCAM-1 promotes gemcitabine resistance via macrophage infiltration and predicts therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 10, 21194 (2020). [view publication]
  Product: Custom C-Series Mouse Array
• Ma C, Witkowski MT, Harris J, Dolgalev I, Sreeram S, Qian W, Tong J, Chen X, Aifantis I, Chen W. Leukemia-on-a-chip: Dissecting the chemoresistance mechanisms in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow niche. Sci Adv. 2020 Oct 30;6(44):eaba5536. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5536. PMID: 33127669; PMCID: PMC7608809. [view publication]
  Product: Mouse Cytokine Array C1 | Mouse Cytokine Array C3
• Zheng Y., Ji S., Wu H., et al. Topical administration of cryopreserved living micronized amnion accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice by modulating local microenvironment. Biomaterials. 2017 Jan;113:56-67. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.031. [view publication]
  Product: Human Inflammation Array C3 | Human Chemokine Array C1
• Rong Deng , Hai-Liang Zhang , Jun-Hao Huang , Rui-Zhao Cai , Yan Wang , Yu-Hong Chen , Bing-Xin Hu , Zhi-Peng Ye , Zhi-Ling Li , Jia Mai , Yun Huang , Xuan Li , XiaoDan Peng , Gong-Kan Feng , Jun-Dong Li , Jun Tang & Xiao-Feng Zhu (2020): MAPK1/3 kinasedependent ULK1 degradation attenuates mitophagy and promotes breast cancer bone metastasis, Autophagy, DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1850609 [view publication]
  Product: Human Inflammation Array C3

More references are listed per product on the individual product pages.